Re: [PATCH 1/1] bitfield.h: Ensure FIELD_PREP_CONST() is constant

[Yury Norov]

On Fri, Apr 10, 2026 at 07:45:38PM +0100, David Laight wrote:
> On Fri, 10 Apr 2026 12:55:25 -0400
> Yury Norov <ynorov@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
 
 ...

> > > Note that when 'val' is a variable 'val << constant' is likely
> > > to execute faster than 'val * (1 << constant)'.
> > > So the normal FIELD_PREP() is best left alone.  
> > 
> > Do you have any numbers? I'd prefer to have the codebase consistent
> > when possible.
> 
> I think the multiply instruction will have a higher latency than the shift.
> So you are talking about a very small number of clocks if the expression
> is in the critical register dependency path.
> However FIELD_GET() would need to use a divide - and that would be a lot
> worse.
>
> Having written that, ISTR that 'mask' is required to be a constant.
> So the compiler may use a shift anyway - if the divide is unsigned.
> But for non-constant mask you definitely want a 'shift right'.

Non-constant masks are handled with __field_get(), which doesn't use
__bf_shf().

> While you might think that it only makes sense to use unsigned values,
> I've found one piece of code (IIRC in the x86 fault handler) that
> passes a signed value to FIELD_GET() and needs the result sign extended.
> So, unless that is changed, FIELD_GET() must use an explicit right shift.
> (Of course, right shift of negative values is probably UB...)

FIELD_GET() is quite fine with the change:

 #define __FIELD_GET(mask, reg, pfx)                                    \
         ({                                                              \
                 __BF_FIELD_CHECK_MASK(mask, 0U, pfx);                   \
 -               (typeof(mask))(((reg) & (mask)) >> __bf_shf(mask));     \
 +               (typeof(mask))(((reg) & (mask)) / __bf_low_bit(mask));  \
         })
 
void my_test(void)
{
        f3 0f 1e fa             endbr64
        48 83 ec 08             sub    $0x8,%rsp
        volatile int i = -1;

        pr_err("%lx\n", FIELD_GET(GENMASK(10,5), i));
        48 c7 c7 13 e3 51 82    mov    $0xffffffff8251e313,%rdi
        volatile int i = -1;
        c7 44 24 04 ff ff ff    movl   $0xffffffff,0x4(%rsp)
        ff 
        pr_err("%lx\n", FIELD_GET(GENMASK(10,5), i));
        8b 74 24 04             mov    0x4(%rsp),%esi

}
        48 83 c4 08             add    $0x8,%rsp
        pr_err("%lx\n", FIELD_GET(GENMASK(10,5), i));
        81 e6 e0 07 00 00       and    $0x7e0,%esi
        48 c1 ee 05             shr    $0x5,%rsi
        e9 32 aa b9 ff          jmp    <_printk>

Thanks,
Yury