Re: [PATCH 0/7] KVM: x86: APX reg prep work

[Sean Christopherson]

On Mon, Apr 06, 2026, Paolo Bonzini wrote:
> Il lun 6 apr 2026, 17:28 Sean Christopherson <seanjc@xxxxxxxxxx> ha scritto:
> > > You're right about fast paths...
> >
> > Ya, potential fastpath usage is why I wanted to just context switch around
> > entry/exit.
> >
> > > so something like the attached patch.
> > > It is not too bad to translate into assembly, where it could use
> > > alternatives (in the same way as
> > > RESTORE_GUEST_SPEC_CTRL/RESTORE_GUEST_SPEC_CTRL_BODY) in place of
> > > static_cpu_has(). Maybe it's best to bite the bullet and do it
> > > already...
> >
> > My strong vote is to context switch in assembly, but _conditionally_ context
> > switch R16-R31.
> >
> > But that second paragraph isn't quite correct, at least not for KVM.  Specifically,
> > "need a branch prior to regaining speculative safety" isn't correct, as that holds
> > true if and only if "regaining speculative safety" requires executing code that
> > might access R16-R31.  If we massage __vmx_vcpu_run() to restore SPEC_CTRL in
> > assembly, same as __svm_vcpu_run(), then __{svm,vmx}_vcpu_run() can simply context
> > switch R16-R31 if and only if APX is enabled in XCR0.
> 
> I might even have patches for that lying around (the SPEC_CTRL part).
> 
> > KVM always intercepts XCR0 writes (when XCR0 isn't context switched by "hardware",
> > i.e. ignoring SEV-ES+ and TDX guests), and IIUC all access to R16-R31 is gated on
> > XCR0.APX=1
> 
> Right, fortunately.
> 
> > .  So unless I'm missing something (or hardware is flawed and lets the
> > guest speculative consume R16-R31, which would be sad), it's perfectly safe to
> > run the guest with host state in R16-R31.
> >
> > That would avoid pointlessly context switching 16 registers when APX is not being
> > used by the guest, and would avoid having to write XCR0 in the fastpath.
> 
> For now yes, but once/if the kernel starts using the registers there's
> no way out of writing XCR0 for APX-disabled guests in the fast path.

Why's that?  So long as KVM uses vcpu->arch.regs[R16-R31] as the source of truth
when emulating anything, there's no danger of taking a #UD in the host due to
accessing R16-R31 with XCR0.APX=0.  There's not even any danger of consuming stale
guest state, e.g. in case KVM screws up accesses R16-R31 instead of generating #UD,
as the value in regs[] will still be the guest's last written value.

If we wanted be paranoid, we could add sanity checks to ensure R16-R31 don't show
up in hardware-provided informational fields, but to some extent that's orthogonal
to how KVM maintains guest values.

> If we ignore that, we can keep guest XCR0 all the time for now, and
> that would be:
> - move SPEC_CTRL to assembly
> - not changing XCR0 handling at all
> - use XCR0 in addition to just static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_APX) to make
> r16-r31 swap conditional
> 
> > > -     if (vcpu->arch.xcr0 != kvm_host.xcr0)
> > > +     /*
> > > +      * Do not load the definitive XCR0 yet; vcpu->arch.early_xcr0 keeps
> > > +      * APX enabled so that the kernel can move to and from r16...r31.
> > > +      */
> > > +     if (vcpu->arch.early_xcr0 != kvm_host.xcr0)
> > >               xsetbv(XCR_XFEATURE_ENABLED_MASK,
> > > -                    load_guest ? vcpu->arch.xcr0 : kvm_host.xcr0);
> > > +                    load_guest ? vcpu->arch.early_xcr0 : kvm_host.xcr0);
> >
> > Even _if_ we want to play XCR0 games,
> 
> (which depends on whether we want to be ready for kernel usage of APX, right?)

No?