Re: [PATCH v13 15/48] arm64: RMI: RTT tear down

[Wei-Lin Chang]

On Wed, Mar 18, 2026 at 03:53:39PM +0000, Steven Price wrote:
> The RMM owns the stage 2 page tables for a realm, and KVM must request
> that the RMM creates/destroys entries as necessary. The physical pages
> to store the page tables are delegated to the realm as required, and can
> be undelegated when no longer used.
> 
> Creating new RTTs is the easy part, tearing down is a little more
> tricky. The result of realm_rtt_destroy() can be used to effectively
> walk the tree and destroy the entries (undelegating pages that were
> given to the realm).
> 
> Signed-off-by: Steven Price <steven.price@xxxxxxx>
> ---
> Changes since v12:
>  * Simplify some functions now we know RMM page size is the same as the
>    host's.
> Changes since v11:
>  * Moved some code from earlier in the series to this one so that it's
>    added when it's first used.
> Changes since v10:
>  * RME->RMI rename.
>  * Some code to handle freeing stage 2 PGD moved into this patch where
>    it belongs.
> Changes since v9:
>  * Add a comment clarifying that root level RTTs are not destroyed until
>    after the RD is destroyed.
> Changes since v8:
>  * Introduce free_rtt() wrapper which calls free_delegated_granule()
>    followed by kvm_account_pgtable_pages(). This makes it clear where an
>    RTT is being freed rather than just a delegated granule.
> Changes since v6:
>  * Move rme_rtt_level_mapsize() and supporting defines from kvm_rme.h
>    into rme.c as they are only used in that file.
> Changes since v5:
>  * Rename some RME_xxx defines to do with page sizes as RMM_xxx - they are
>    a property of the RMM specification not the RME architecture.
> Changes since v2:
>  * Moved {alloc,free}_delegated_page() and ensure_spare_page() to a
>    later patch when they are actually used.
>  * Some simplifications now rmi_xxx() functions allow NULL as an output
>    parameter.
>  * Improved comments and code layout.
> ---
>  arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_rmi.h |   7 ++
>  arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c             |  15 +++-
>  arch/arm64/kvm/rmi.c             | 145 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  3 files changed, 166 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_rmi.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_rmi.h
> index 0ada525af18f..16a297f3091a 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_rmi.h
> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_rmi.h
> @@ -68,5 +68,12 @@ u32 kvm_realm_ipa_limit(void);
>  
>  int kvm_init_realm_vm(struct kvm *kvm);
>  void kvm_destroy_realm(struct kvm *kvm);
> +void kvm_realm_destroy_rtts(struct kvm *kvm);
> +
> +static inline bool kvm_realm_is_private_address(struct realm *realm,
> +						unsigned long addr)
> +{
> +	return !(addr & BIT(realm->ia_bits - 1));
> +}
>  
>  #endif /* __ASM_KVM_RMI_H */
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c
> index 9dc242c3b9c8..41152abf55b2 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c
> @@ -1098,10 +1098,23 @@ void stage2_unmap_vm(struct kvm *kvm)
>  void kvm_free_stage2_pgd(struct kvm_s2_mmu *mmu)
>  {
>  	struct kvm *kvm = kvm_s2_mmu_to_kvm(mmu);
> -	struct kvm_pgtable *pgt = NULL;
> +	struct kvm_pgtable *pgt;
>  
>  	write_lock(&kvm->mmu_lock);
>  	pgt = mmu->pgt;
> +	if (kvm_is_realm(kvm) &&
> +	    (kvm_realm_state(kvm) != REALM_STATE_DEAD &&
> +	     kvm_realm_state(kvm) != REALM_STATE_NONE)) {
> +		write_unlock(&kvm->mmu_lock);
> +		kvm_realm_destroy_rtts(kvm);
> +
> +		/*
> +		 * The PGD pages can be reclaimed only after the realm (RD) is
> +		 * destroyed. We call this again from kvm_destroy_realm() after
> +		 * the RD is destroyed.
> +		 */
> +		return;
> +	}

Hi,

I see that kvm_free_stage2_pgd() will be called twice:

kvm_destroy_vm()
  mmu_notifier_unregister()
    kvm_mmu_notifier_release()
      kvm_flush_shadow_all()
        kvm_arch_flush_shadow_all()
          kvm_uninit_stage2_mmu()
            kvm_free_stage2_pgd()
  kvm_arch_destroy_vm()
    kvm_destroy_realm()
      kvm_free_stage2_pgd()

At the first call the realm state is REALM_STATE_ACTIVE, at the second
it is REALM_STATE_DEAD. Reading the comment added to
kvm_free_stage2_pgd() here, does it mean this function is called twice
on purpose? If so do you think it's better to extract this and create
another function instead, then use kvm_is_realm() to choose which to
run? I think it is confusing to have this function run twice for a
realm.

Thanks,
Wei-Lin Chang

>  	if (pgt) {
>  		mmu->pgd_phys = 0;
>  		mmu->pgt = NULL;
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/rmi.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/rmi.c
> index 700b8c935d29..1fd2c18f7381 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/rmi.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/rmi.c
> @@ -15,6 +15,19 @@
>  static unsigned long rmm_feat_reg0;
>  static unsigned long rmm_feat_reg1;
>  
> +#define RMM_RTT_BLOCK_LEVEL	2
> +#define RMM_RTT_MAX_LEVEL	3
> +
> +#define RMM_L2_BLOCK_SIZE	PMD_SIZE
> +
> +static inline unsigned long rmi_rtt_level_mapsize(int level)
> +{
> +	if (WARN_ON(level > RMM_RTT_MAX_LEVEL))
> +		return PAGE_SIZE;
> +
> +	return (1UL << ARM64_HW_PGTABLE_LEVEL_SHIFT(level));
> +}
> +
>  static bool rmi_has_feature(unsigned long feature)
>  {
>  	return !!u64_get_bits(rmm_feat_reg0, feature);
> @@ -189,6 +202,11 @@ u32 kvm_realm_ipa_limit(void)
>  	return u64_get_bits(rmm_feat_reg0, RMI_FEATURE_REGISTER_0_S2SZ);
>  }
>  
> +static int get_start_level(struct realm *realm)
> +{
> +	return 4 - stage2_pgtable_levels(realm->ia_bits);
> +}
> +
>  static int undelegate_range(phys_addr_t phys, unsigned long size)
>  {
>  	unsigned long ret;
> @@ -223,6 +241,131 @@ static int free_delegated_page(phys_addr_t phys)
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> +static void free_rtt(phys_addr_t phys)
> +{
> +	if (free_delegated_page(phys))
> +		return;
> +
> +	kvm_account_pgtable_pages(phys_to_virt(phys), -1);
> +}
> +
> +static int realm_rtt_destroy(struct realm *realm, unsigned long addr,
> +			     int level, phys_addr_t *rtt_granule,
> +			     unsigned long *next_addr)
> +{
> +	unsigned long out_rtt;
> +	int ret;
> +
> +	ret = rmi_rtt_destroy(virt_to_phys(realm->rd), addr, level,
> +			      &out_rtt, next_addr);
> +
> +	*rtt_granule = out_rtt;
> +
> +	return ret;
> +}
> +
> +static int realm_tear_down_rtt_level(struct realm *realm, int level,
> +				     unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
> +{
> +	ssize_t map_size;
> +	unsigned long addr, next_addr;
> +
> +	if (WARN_ON(level > RMM_RTT_MAX_LEVEL))
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
> +	map_size = rmi_rtt_level_mapsize(level - 1);
> +
> +	for (addr = start; addr < end; addr = next_addr) {
> +		phys_addr_t rtt_granule;
> +		int ret;
> +		unsigned long align_addr = ALIGN(addr, map_size);
> +
> +		next_addr = ALIGN(addr + 1, map_size);
> +
> +		if (next_addr > end || align_addr != addr) {
> +			/*
> +			 * The target range is smaller than what this level
> +			 * covers, recurse deeper.
> +			 */
> +			ret = realm_tear_down_rtt_level(realm,
> +							level + 1,
> +							addr,
> +							min(next_addr, end));
> +			if (ret)
> +				return ret;
> +			continue;
> +		}
> +
> +		ret = realm_rtt_destroy(realm, addr, level,
> +					&rtt_granule, &next_addr);
> +
> +		switch (RMI_RETURN_STATUS(ret)) {
> +		case RMI_SUCCESS:
> +			free_rtt(rtt_granule);
> +			break;
> +		case RMI_ERROR_RTT:
> +			if (next_addr > addr) {
> +				/* Missing RTT, skip */
> +				break;
> +			}
> +			/*
> +			 * We tear down the RTT range for the full IPA
> +			 * space, after everything is unmapped. Also we
> +			 * descend down only if we cannot tear down a
> +			 * top level RTT. Thus RMM must be able to walk
> +			 * to the requested level. e.g., a block mapping
> +			 * exists at L1 or L2.
> +			 */
> +			if (WARN_ON(RMI_RETURN_INDEX(ret) != level))
> +				return -EBUSY;
> +			if (WARN_ON(level == RMM_RTT_MAX_LEVEL))
> +				return -EBUSY;
> +
> +			/*
> +			 * The table has active entries in it, recurse deeper
> +			 * and tear down the RTTs.
> +			 */
> +			next_addr = ALIGN(addr + 1, map_size);
> +			ret = realm_tear_down_rtt_level(realm,
> +							level + 1,
> +							addr,
> +							next_addr);
> +			if (ret)
> +				return ret;
> +			/*
> +			 * Now that the child RTTs are destroyed,
> +			 * retry at this level.
> +			 */
> +			next_addr = addr;
> +			break;
> +		default:
> +			WARN_ON(1);
> +			return -ENXIO;
> +		}
> +	}
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int realm_tear_down_rtt_range(struct realm *realm,
> +				     unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
> +{
> +	/*
> +	 * Root level RTTs can only be destroyed after the RD is destroyed. So
> +	 * tear down everything below the root level
> +	 */
> +	return realm_tear_down_rtt_level(realm, get_start_level(realm) + 1,
> +					 start, end);
> +}
> +
> +void kvm_realm_destroy_rtts(struct kvm *kvm)
> +{
> +	struct realm *realm = &kvm->arch.realm;
> +	unsigned int ia_bits = realm->ia_bits;
> +
> +	WARN_ON(realm_tear_down_rtt_range(realm, 0, (1UL << ia_bits)));
> +}
> +
>  void kvm_destroy_realm(struct kvm *kvm)
>  {
>  	struct realm *realm = &kvm->arch.realm;
> @@ -246,6 +389,8 @@ void kvm_destroy_realm(struct kvm *kvm)
>  	if (realm->rd) {
>  		phys_addr_t rd_phys = virt_to_phys(realm->rd);
>  
> +		kvm_realm_destroy_rtts(kvm);
> +
>  		if (WARN_ON(rmi_realm_destroy(rd_phys)))
>  			return;
>  		free_delegated_page(rd_phys);
> -- 
> 2.43.0
>